There are a variety of hormones at play during the prenatal and postpartum period. Many of these hormones are in place to help a baby reach a full term pregnancy, establish milk supply and continue lactation throughout a parent's feeding journey.
The four primary hormones are progesterone, estrogen, oxytocin and prolactin.
Estrogen supports the uterus and placenta to develop, which is the organ that ensures the baby gets the nutrients they need throughout pregnancy.
Progesterone supports a pregnancy and prevents the uterus from contracting and starting labor before a baby reaches full term.
Oxytocin is often referred to as the love hormone because it is the hormone that is associated with relationship, happiness and love. Oxytocin rises throughout pregnancy, peaks during labor, as it stimulates uterine contractions.
Prolactin is the hormone that helps breast tissue to grow throughout pregnancy and signals for the breasts to make milk. Prolactin is at its peak during lactation and is the hormone that can suppress ovulation when the levels are high enough.
Shortly after a baby is born, the birthing parent delivers the placenta, the organ that provides oxygen and nutrients to the developing baby. Once the placenta is delivered, progesterone and estrogen levels rapidly drop and trigger a surge of prolactin, the hormone that is responsible for milk production.
With all of these hormones rapidly rising and dropping, it is important to remember to be kind to yourself and know that it takes time for your hormones to balance out during the postpartum period. There is a wide range of normal on what you can expect from these hormonal shifts. It is common to experience a wide range of symptoms and emotions such as mood swings, tears, and night sweats.
Although baby blues are normal and can be attributed to hormonal shifts during this time, it is important to seek professional help if you are experiencing postpartum mood disorders such as postpartum depression or postpartum anxiety. Postpartum Support International and Mom's Mental Health Initiative are great resources.
Need more help understanding the hormones of lactation? Book a visit with Wisco Lactation on our website. We offer home & office visit in SE Wisconsin and NE Illinois. We also offer virtual visits worldwide.